SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    5313, 5560, 5627, 6080, 3756, 4505, 4531, 
    4542, 4574, 4595, 4802, 4789, 4824, 
    4838, 4893, 4925, 4959, 5009, 5020, 
    5028, 5032, 5040, 5059, 5075, 5114, 
    4898, 5033, 5149, 5335, 5429, 5482, 
    5558, 9524, 5293, 5301, 9329, 5327, 
    5347, 5352, 5369, 5377, 5417, 5422, 
    5428, 5509, 5515, 5537, 5544, 5552, 
    9332, 5567, 5539, 5574, 5607, 5760, 
    5783, 5815, 5836, 5864, 5884, 5910, 
    5942, 5982, 6021, 6059, 9528, 8718, 
    8333, 6459, 5265, 6579, 5665, 5668, 
    5594, 6735, 8726, 8372, 5687, 6354, 
    5601, 6841, 8731, 8399, 5708, 5731, 
    6999, 8430, 7163, 8509, 7273, 8528, 
    7378, 8557, 7984, 8574, 8038, 8605, 
    8097, 8628, 8137, 8642, 8223, 8654, 
    8304, 8670, 8706, 8684, 9024
  )

Query time 0.00132

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "52.30"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent"
      ],
      "key": "parent",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 128,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 128,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "26.70",
        "eval_cost": "25.60",
        "prefix_cost": "52.30",
        "data_read_per_join": "759K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`webmarco`.`cscart_categories`.`parent_id` in (5313,5560,5627,6080,3756,4505,4531,4542,4574,4595,4802,4789,4824,4838,4893,4925,4959,5009,5020,5028,5032,5040,5059,5075,5114,4898,5033,5149,5335,5429,5482,5558,9524,5293,5301,9329,5327,5347,5352,5369,5377,5417,5422,5428,5509,5515,5537,5544,5552,9332,5567,5539,5574,5607,5760,5783,5815,5836,5864,5884,5910,5942,5982,6021,6059,9528,8718,8333,6459,5265,6579,5665,5668,5594,6735,8726,8372,5687,6354,5601,6841,8731,8399,5708,5731,6999,8430,7163,8509,7273,8528,7378,8557,7984,8574,8038,8605,8097,8628,8137,8642,8223,8654,8304,8670,8706,8684,9024))"
    }
  }
}