SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    3064, 3201, 2926, 2931, 2940, 2951, 2978, 
    2983, 2989, 2993, 3014, 3017, 3040, 
    3052, 3073, 3079, 3087, 3116, 3140, 
    3145, 3149, 3153, 3159, 3181, 3187, 
    3192, 3197, 3206, 3212, 3217, 3234, 
    3253, 9595, 3096, 3221, 3237, 3243, 
    3250, 3256, 3259, 3264, 3270, 3276, 
    3282, 3306, 3308, 3309, 3312, 3314, 
    3317, 3318, 3323, 3334, 3335, 3338, 
    3343, 3386, 3401, 3412, 3414, 3423, 
    3425, 3453, 3454, 3459, 3461, 3462, 
    3468, 3469, 3472, 3478, 3487, 3488, 
    3491, 3498, 3507
  )

Query time 0.00119

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "49.10"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent"
      ],
      "key": "parent",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 120,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "25.10",
        "eval_cost": "24.00",
        "prefix_cost": "49.10",
        "data_read_per_join": "711K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`webmarco`.`cscart_categories`.`parent_id` in (3064,3201,2926,2931,2940,2951,2978,2983,2989,2993,3014,3017,3040,3052,3073,3079,3087,3116,3140,3145,3149,3153,3159,3181,3187,3192,3197,3206,3212,3217,3234,3253,9595,3096,3221,3237,3243,3250,3256,3259,3264,3270,3276,3282,3306,3308,3309,3312,3314,3317,3318,3323,3334,3335,3338,3343,3386,3401,3412,3414,3423,3425,3453,3454,3459,3461,3462,3468,3469,3472,3478,3487,3488,3491,3498,3507))"
    }
  }
}