SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_popularity 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    277822, 277823, 277824, 277825, 277826, 
    277827, 277828, 277829, 277830, 277831, 
    286601, 286603, 286604, 286605, 286606, 
    286607
  )

Query time 0.00071

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "7.43"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_popularity",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "total"
      ],
      "key": "total",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 16,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 16,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "4.23",
        "eval_cost": "3.20",
        "prefix_cost": "7.43",
        "data_read_per_join": "512"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`webmarco`.`cscart_product_popularity`.`product_id` in (277822,277823,277824,277825,277826,277827,277828,277829,277830,277831,286601,286603,286604,286605,286606,286607))"
    }
  }
}