SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 3105 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    271483, 271484, 190720, 190686, 190711, 
    190675, 190708, 190716, 415219, 190712, 
    190700, 415312, 190710, 427780, 190709, 
    190721, 190722, 190680, 190701, 190717, 
    190714, 190679, 190715, 190681, 190694, 
    190685, 190677, 190688, 190687, 190678, 
    190682, 190684, 427788, 190702, 352784, 
    190704, 190703, 190706, 190707, 352781, 
    352794, 352795, 352778, 356734, 352793, 
    352791, 352785, 354012, 352776, 352777, 
    352788, 352792, 352779, 352790, 352783, 
    352787, 359761, 352786, 356712, 309479, 
    356705, 356862, 356753, 359804, 352882, 
    356714, 356701, 356859, 352782, 265116, 
    356707, 352780, 356727, 354114, 352789, 
    355579, 435267, 356958, 435266, 435268, 
    435265, 354572, 356703, 356724, 356764, 
    353643, 356716, 356878, 353851, 356813, 
    353538, 354532, 353505, 354679, 356870, 
    354027, 354033, 354536, 353498, 353653
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00258

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "295.16"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 105,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 105,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "22.16",
              "eval_cost": "21.00",
              "prefix_cost": "43.16",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`webmarco`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (271483,271484,190720,190686,190711,190675,190708,190716,415219,190712,190700,415312,190710,427780,190709,190721,190722,190680,190701,190717,190714,190679,190715,190681,190694,190685,190677,190688,190687,190678,190682,190684,427788,190702,352784,190704,190703,190706,190707,352781,352794,352795,352778,356734,352793,352791,352785,354012,352776,352777,352788,352792,352779,352790,352783,352787,359761,352786,356712,309479,356705,356862,356753,359804,352882,356714,356701,356859,352782,265116,356707,352780,356727,354114,352789,355579,435267,356958,435266,435268,435265,354572,356703,356724,356764,353643,356716,356878,353851,356813,353538,354532,353505,354679,356870,354027,354033,354536,353498,353653))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "webmarco.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 105,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "105.00",
              "eval_cost": "21.00",
              "prefix_cost": "169.16",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "webmarco.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "105.00",
              "eval_cost": "1.05",
              "prefix_cost": "295.16",
              "data_read_per_join": "31K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`webmarco`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`webmarco`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or find_in_set(0,`webmarco`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`) or find_in_set(1,`webmarco`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) and (`webmarco`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}